Once the dough has doubled in size, remove the dough onto a non-floured surface. With a rolling pin, roll the bread dough into a large 12 x 12-inch square (it doesn't need to be exact). Spread the softened butter over the entire surface of the dough.
44 grams unsalted butter, softened
In a small bowl, stir together the brown sugar and spices. Sprinkle the cinnamon sugar mixture on the entire surface of the dough. With a pizza cutter or sharp knife, slice the dough into 16 even pieces. See photos above
110 grams light or dark brown sugar, 8 grams ground cinnamon, 1 gram ground nutmeg, pinch ground cloves
Grease a 9 x 5-inch loaf pan with more butter and line with parchment paper before pouring ½ of the homemade caramel to the bottom of the pan. Take a piece of cut dough, place it at one edge of the loaf pan, and press about 20g (2 tablespoons) worth of the chopped apples on the right side of the dough. Repeat with the remaining pieces of dough until you've filled the whole loaf pan. (I don't place any apples on the last piece of dough.) Sprinkle any remaining brown sugar mixture over the top of the bread.
Not ready to bake these on the same day? No worries! Cover the unbaked pull-apart bread with plastic wrap and store it in the fridge overnight. Before you’re ready to bake the loaf, pull the loaf pan out of the fridge and allow the dough to rise. This will take longer since the dough is cold from the fridge.
Cover with plastic wrap and let rise for a second time. In my 70-degree F kitchen, this took 3-4 hours until they had noticeably grown and looked puffy. This step greatly depends on the temperature of your kitchen. Do not bake this bread until the dough has risen; otherwise, it will bake up dense and gummy. See photos above for reference. Since this is an enriched dough, it can take longer for the dough to rise. The rise time will also depend on the temperature of your kitchen. A cooler kitchen will have a longer bulk fermentation and final rise, while a warmer kitchen will be quicker. Then bake as normal.